Taurine is an amino acid that influences mineral metabolism in the cell, which can alter oxidation states. It is a less potent, less efficient antioxidant that quenches hypochlorite, a free radical produced in autoimmune diseases and infections.
High levels of taurine exist in the brain, heart, retina, white blood cells, skeletal muscle, bile, and the central nervous system. Taurine is not found in the majority of animal proteins. A non-essential amino acid, it is synthesized in the body from cysteine, in the presence of Vitamin B-6. Taurine aids in fat digestion and is thought to benefit heart problems such as atherosclerosis, hypoglycemia, and edema. Taurine is recommended in the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure.
This amino acid appears to be important for healthy eyes. One study noted retina damage and vision loss in cats on a low taurine diet. In combination with zinc, taurine inhibits the development of cataracts. It also functions to regulate electrical activity in nerves and muscles. Taurine appears to be a good treatment for epileptic seizures. Deficiencies of this amino acids are related to epilepsy, anxiety, hyperactivity, and impaired brain function. In excess, taurine may cause depression.